Barthe's 5 Narrative Codes

Barthes’ 5 Narrative Codes

Barthe was a French literary theorist. During his life time, he came up with five codes that can be woven into any narrative for any genre.

·         Hermeneutic/Enigma code

·         Proairetic/Action code

·         Semantic code

·         Symbolic code

·         Referential code

Hermeneutic/Enigma code:

This refers to mystery within a narrative. For example, clues are placed around but no actual stated evidence or answers are given – it leaves the audience questioning. Enigma’s within a narrative make the audience want to know more than what they are given. Unanswered enigmas are conventionally known for frustrating the audience.

Proairetic/Action code:

Proairetic elements add suspense within a narrative. This code consists of sequential elements of action.

Semantic code:

Elements of semantic codes are often referred to as Semes. This code refers to parts within a narrative that have specific and additional meanings. The Seme has a connotative function and is an extra layer that adds to the additional meaning.

Symbolic meaning:

This refers to symbolism within a narrative. It helps with character development, further meaning, creating tension and drama.

Referential code:

Referring to scientific, cultural and historical knowledge.